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+// StringUtil.cc for fluxbox 
+// Copyright (c) 2001 - 2003 Henrik Kinnunen (fluxgen<at>linuxmail.org)
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// $Id: StringUtil.cc,v 1.9 2003/12/16 17:06:52 fluxgen Exp $
+
+#include "StringUtil.hh"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace FbTk {
+
+namespace StringUtil {
+
+/**
+   Takes a pointer to string *s as an argument,
+   creates a new string n, copies s to n and
+   returns a pointer to n.
+*/
+char *strdup(const char *s) {
+    int l = strlen(s) + 1;
+    char *n = new char[l];
+    strncpy(n, s, l);
+    return n;
+}
+
+/**
+   Tries to find a string in another and
+   ignoring the case of the characters
+   Returns 0 on success else pointer to str.
+*/
+const char *strcasestr(const char *str, const char *ptn) {
+    const char *s2, *p2;
+    for( ; *str; str++) {
+        for(s2=str, p2=ptn; ; s2++,p2++) {      
+            // check if we reached the end of ptn, if so, return str
+            if (!*p2) 
+                return str;
+            // check if the chars match(ignoring case)
+            if (toupper(*s2) != toupper(*p2))
+                break; 
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+   if ~ then expand it to home of user
+   returns expanded filename 
+*/
+string expandFilename(const std::string &filename) {
+    string retval;
+    size_t pos = filename.find_first_not_of(" \t");
+    if (pos != std::string::npos && filename[pos] == '~') {     
+        retval = getenv("HOME");
+        if (pos != filename.size()) {
+            // copy from the character after '~'
+            retval += static_cast<const char *>(filename.c_str() + pos + 1);
+        }
+    } else
+        return filename; //return unmodified value
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/**
+   @return string from last "." to end of string
+*/
+string findExtension(const std::string &filename) {
+    //get start of extension
+    std::string::size_type start_pos = filename.find_last_of(".");
+    if (start_pos == std::string::npos && start_pos != filename.size())
+        return "";
+    // return from last . to end of string
+    return filename.substr(start_pos + 1);
+}
+
+/**
+   Parses a string between "first" and "last" characters
+   and ignoring ok_chars as whitespaces. The value is
+   returned in "out".
+   Returns negative value on error and this value is the position 
+   in the in-string where the error occured.
+   Returns positive value on success and this value is
+   for the position + 1 in the in-string where the "last"-char value
+   was found.
+*/
+int getStringBetween(std::string& out, const char *instr, const char first, const char last,
+                     const char *ok_chars, bool allow_nesting) {
+    assert(first);
+    assert(last);
+    assert(instr);
+        
+    std::string::size_type i = 0, 
+        total_add=0; //used to add extra if there is a \last to skip
+    std::string in(instr);
+        
+    // eat leading whitespace
+    i = in.find_first_not_of(ok_chars);
+    if (i == std::string::npos)
+        return -in.size();   // nothing left but whitespace
+
+    if (in[i]!=first)           
+        return -i; //return position to error   
+
+    // find the end of the token
+    std::string::size_type j = i, k;
+    int nesting = 0;
+    while (1) {
+        k = in.find_first_of(first, j+1);
+        j = in.find_first_of(last, j+1);
+        if (j==std::string::npos)
+            return -in.size(); //send negative size
+
+        if (allow_nesting && k < j && in[k-1] != '\\') {
+            nesting++;
+            j = k;
+            continue;
+        }
+        //we found the last char, check so it doesn't have a '\' before
+        if (j>1 && in[j-1] != '\\') {
+            if (allow_nesting && nesting > 0) nesting--;
+            else
+                break;
+        } else if (j>1 && !allow_nesting) { // we leave escapes if we're allowing nesting
+            in.erase(j-1, 1); //remove the '\'
+            j--;
+            total_add++; //save numchars removed so we can calculate totalpos
+        }
+    }
+
+    out = in.substr(i+1, j-i-1); //copy the string between first and last               
+    //return value to last character
+    return (j+1+total_add);
+}
+
+std::string toLower(const std::string &conv) {
+    std::string ret = conv;
+    std::transform(ret.begin(), ret.end(), ret.begin(), tolower);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+std::string toUpper(const std::string &conv) {
+    std::string ret = conv;
+    std::transform(ret.begin(), ret.end(), ret.begin(), toupper);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+std::string basename(const std::string &filename) {
+    std::string::size_type first_pos = filename.find_last_of("/");
+    if (first_pos != std::string::npos)
+        return filename.substr(first_pos + 1);
+    return filename;
+}
+
+string::size_type removeFirstWhitespace(std::string &str) {
+    string::size_type first_pos = str.find_first_not_of(" \t");
+    if (first_pos != string::npos)
+        str.erase(0, first_pos);
+    return first_pos;
+}
+
+
+string::size_type removeTrailingWhitespace(std::string &str) {
+    // strip trailing whitespace
+    string::size_type first_pos = str.find_last_not_of(" \t");
+    if (first_pos != string::npos) {    
+        string::size_type last_pos = str.find_first_of(" \t", first_pos);
+        while (last_pos != string::npos) {
+            str.erase(last_pos);
+            last_pos = str.find_first_of(" \t", last_pos);
+        }
+    }
+    return first_pos;
+}
+
+}; // end namespace StringUtil
+
+}; // end namespace FbTk