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author | fluxgen <fluxgen> | 2007-08-11 18:59:55 (GMT) |
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committer | fluxgen <fluxgen> | 2007-08-11 18:59:55 (GMT) |
commit | 3403b148440850a269fa11e5c6d1524b67f01a76 (patch) | |
tree | 77769255b69abf44e11a085665a2db6041fa0ca3 /data/README.menu | |
parent | 0b2ba104118efef74f86eddb8ce2d17606f45b4d (diff) | |
download | fluxbox-3403b148440850a269fa11e5c6d1524b67f01a76.zip fluxbox-3403b148440850a269fa11e5c6d1524b67f01a76.tar.bz2 |
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1 | -- data/README.menu for Blackbox 0.61.x - an X11 Window manager | ||
2 | |||
3 | Creating a user defined menu: | ||
4 | ----------------------------- | ||
5 | Creating a menu for Blackbox requires a text editor of some sort. Familiarity | ||
6 | with your choice of text editor is assumed, since editor preference differs | ||
7 | as much (if not more than) window manager preference. | ||
8 | |||
9 | First, we need to decide on a location for our custom menu. Your home | ||
10 | directory is the most logical solution, since you will most likely not have | ||
11 | write access anywhere else. You place the menu file in any directory, and | ||
12 | give it any name you choose, as we will later tell Blackbox the path or | ||
13 | location for this file. | ||
14 | |||
15 | As an example, let's assume that my home directory is `/home/bhughes' (which it | ||
16 | is). I've decided to keep all my Blackbox related files in a directory named | ||
17 | `blackbox.' After creating the directory, I now have two options for creating | ||
18 | my new menu. I can either copy the system default (usually in | ||
19 | `/usr/local/share/Blackbox/menu') to this directory, or I can create a new | ||
20 | one from scratch. Let's do the latter, for the sake of completeness. | ||
21 | |||
22 | I've decided to name the file `rootmenu.' I fire up my favorite text editor | ||
23 | and now have a clean file. So let's begin. | ||
24 | |||
25 | |||
26 | Menu syntax: | ||
27 | ------------ | ||
28 | The menu syntax is very simple and very effective. There are upto three | ||
29 | fields in a menu line. They are of the form: | ||
30 | |||
31 | [tag] (label or filename) {command or filename} | ||
32 | |||
33 | The supported tags are as follows: | ||
34 | |||
35 | [begin] (label for root menu) | ||
36 | |||
37 | This tells Blackbox to start parsing the menu file. This tag is | ||
38 | required for Blackbox to parse your menu file. If it cannot find it, | ||
39 | the system default menu is used instead. | ||
40 | |||
41 | [end] | ||
42 | |||
43 | This tells Blackbox that it is at the end of a menu. This can either | ||
44 | be a submenu or the main root menu. There must be at least one | ||
45 | of these tags in your menu to correspond to the required [begin] tag. | ||
46 | |||
47 | [exec] (label for command) {shell command} | ||
48 | |||
49 | This tells Blackbox to insert a command item into the menu. When you | ||
50 | select the menu item from the menu, Blackbox runs `shell command.' | ||
51 | |||
52 | [exit] (label for exit) | ||
53 | |||
54 | This tells Blackbox to insert an item that shuts down and exits | ||
55 | Blackbox. Any open windows are reparented to the root window before | ||
56 | Blackbox exits. | ||
57 | |||
58 | [include] (filename) | ||
59 | |||
60 | This tells Blackbox to parse the file specified by `filename' inline | ||
61 | with the current menu. `filename' can be the full path to a file | ||
62 | (such as /usr/local/share/Blackbox/brueghel/stylesmenu) or it can | ||
63 | begin with `~/', which will be expanded into your home directory | ||
64 | (e.g. [include] (~/blackbox/stylesmenu) will include | ||
65 | /home/bhughes/blackbox/stylesmenu in my menu) | ||
66 | |||
67 | [nop] (label - optional) | ||
68 | |||
69 | This tells Blackbox to insert a non-operational item into the current | ||
70 | menu. This can be used to help format the menu into blocks or sections | ||
71 | if so desired (e.g. you could put all your ssh accounts together, add | ||
72 | a [nop] and then add all your telnet accounts together). [nop] does | ||
73 | accept a label, but it is not required, and a blank item will be used | ||
74 | if none is supplied. | ||
75 | |||
76 | [style] (label) {filename} | ||
77 | |||
78 | This tells Blackbox to read `filename' and apply the new textures, | ||
79 | colors and fonts to the current running session. The filename is | ||
80 | just like the [include] tag, it can be the full path to the file, | ||
81 | or it can be of the form `~/path/from/home/dir.' Blackbox also | ||
82 | re-reads the entire menu structure from disk, incase the menu has | ||
83 | changed. | ||
84 | |||
85 | [submenu] (label) {title for menu - optional} | ||
86 | |||
87 | This tells Blackbox to create and parse a new menu. This menu is | ||
88 | inserted as a submenu into the parent menu. These menus are parsed | ||
89 | recursively, so there is no limit to the number of levels or nested | ||
90 | submenus you can have. The title for the new menu is optional, if | ||
91 | none is supplied, the new menu's title is the same as the item label. | ||
92 | |||
93 | [reconfig] (label) | ||
94 | |||
95 | This tells Blackbox to reread the current style and menu files and | ||
96 | apply any changes. This is useful for creating a new style or theme, | ||
97 | as you don't have to constantly restart Blackbox every time you save | ||
98 | your style. | ||
99 | |||
100 | [restart] (label) {shell command - optional} | ||
101 | |||
102 | This tells Blackbox to restart. If `shell command' is supplied, it | ||
103 | shuts down and runs the command (which is commonly the name of another | ||
104 | window manager). If the command is omitted, Blackbox restarts itself. | ||
105 | |||
106 | [workspaces] (label) | ||
107 | |||
108 | This tells Blackbox to insert a "link" to the workspaces menu directly | ||
109 | into your menu. This is handy for those users who can't access the | ||
110 | workspace menu directly (e.g. if you don't have a 3 button mouse, it's | ||
111 | rather hard to middle click to show the workspace menu). This is a | ||
112 | "link" to the systems workspace menu, so multiple [workspaces] tags | ||
113 | will display the same workspace menu, so expect it to move around if | ||
114 | you do so. ;) | ||
115 | |||
116 | [config] (label) | ||
117 | |||
118 | This tells Blackbox to insert the ConfigMenu into your menu. From | ||
119 | this menu you can configure several options stored in your | ||
120 | ~/.blackboxrc, and the changes take effect immediately. | ||
121 | |||
122 | Comments may be inserted on any line of the file, as long as the first | ||
123 | character on the line is a `#.' | ||
124 | |||
125 | Also, in the labels/commands/filenames fields, you can escape any character | ||
126 | like so: | ||
127 | |||
128 | [exec] (\(my cool\) \{XTERM\}) {\(xterm -T \\\"cool XTERM\\\"\)} | ||
129 | |||
130 | Using `\\' inserts a literal back-slash into the label/command/filename field. | ||
131 | |||
132 | |||
133 | Putting it all together: | ||
134 | ------------------------ | ||
135 | Alrighty, so let's see if we can understand the arcane incantation above. It | ||
136 | says we have to have a [begin] and an [end] tag, which create our menu and | ||
137 | give it a title. Let's do that first: | ||
138 | |||
139 | |||
140 | [begin] (Example \[Menu\]) | ||
141 | |||
142 | [end] | ||
143 | |||
144 | Simple enough. Now let's add some items to the list. We always want to have | ||
145 | access to a terminal emulator, be it a regular xterm or something else. | ||
146 | So we add the item to our menu, and it now looks like this: | ||
147 | |||
148 | ... | ||
149 | [begin] (Example \[Menu\]) | ||
150 | [exec] (xterm) {xterm -ls} | ||
151 | [end] | ||
152 | ... | ||
153 | |||
154 | Great! Now let's add us some items to run an irc client, netscape, xv and | ||
155 | some other common programs. This gives up this: | ||
156 | |||
157 | ... | ||
158 | [begin] (Example \[Menu\]) | ||
159 | [exec] (xterm) {xterm -ls} | ||
160 | [exec] (efnet irc) {xterm -e irc fnord irc.efnet.net} | ||
161 | [exec] (Netscape Navigator) {netscape} | ||
162 | [exec] (xv 3.10a) {xv} | ||
163 | [exec] (XEmacs) {xemacs} | ||
164 | [exec] (The GIMP) {gimp} | ||
165 | [exec] (Video Tune) {xvidtune} | ||
166 | [end] | ||
167 | ... | ||
168 | |||
169 | Whoa, wait a second. This menu file is beginning to look a little cluttered. | ||
170 | Not a problem, just like programmers indent and space their code, we can | ||
171 | do this with our menu file, so let's clean it up a bit: | ||
172 | |||
173 | ... | ||
174 | [begin] (Example \[Menu\]) | ||
175 | [exec] (xterm) {xterm -ls} | ||
176 | [exec] (efnet irc) {xterm -e irc fnord irc.efnet.net} | ||
177 | |||
178 | [exec] (Netscape Navigator) {netscape} | ||
179 | [exec] (XEmacs) {xemacs} | ||
180 | |||
181 | [exec] (xv 3.10a) {xv} | ||
182 | [exec] (The GIMP) {gimp} | ||
183 | |||
184 | [exec] (Video Tune) {xvidtune} | ||
185 | [end] | ||
186 | ... | ||
187 | |||
188 | Ahh... now that looks a little better. Now we decide that we kind of like the | ||
189 | spacing in the file, and decide we want to apply it to the menu itself. Now | ||
190 | we take advantage of the [nop] tag: | ||
191 | |||
192 | ... | ||
193 | [begin] (Example \[Menu\]) | ||
194 | [exec] (xterm) {xterm -ls} | ||
195 | [exec] (efnet irc) {xterm -e irc fnord irc.efnet.net} | ||
196 | |||
197 | [nop] | ||
198 | |||
199 | [exec] (Netscape Navigator) {netscape} | ||
200 | [exec] (XEmacs) {xemacs} | ||
201 | |||
202 | [nop] | ||
203 | |||
204 | [exec] (xv 3.10a) {xv} | ||
205 | [exec] (The GIMP) {gimp} | ||
206 | |||
207 | [nop] | ||
208 | |||
209 | [exec] (Video Tune) {xvidtune} | ||
210 | [end] | ||
211 | ... | ||
212 | |||
213 | Now, let's create a submenu to put some items to change between all these | ||
214 | themes we downloaded from http://blackbox.themes.org/. Let's assume we | ||
215 | untarred the themes into the ~/.blackbox directory like the documentation on | ||
216 | the themes.org site recommends. | ||
217 | |||
218 | ... | ||
219 | [begin] (Example \[Menu\]) | ||
220 | [exec] (xterm) {xterm -ls} | ||
221 | [exec] (efnet irc) {xterm -e irc fnord irc.efnet.net} | ||
222 | |||
223 | [nop] | ||
224 | |||
225 | [exec] (Netscape Navigator) {netscape} | ||
226 | [exec] (XEmacs) {xemacs} | ||
227 | |||
228 | [nop] | ||
229 | |||
230 | [exec] (xv 3.10a) {xv} | ||
231 | [exec] (The GIMP) {gimp} | ||
232 | |||
233 | [nop] | ||
234 | |||
235 | [exec] (Video Tune) {xvidtune} | ||
236 | |||
237 | [submenu] (Themes) {Themes from blackbox.themes.org} | ||
238 | [style] (Blackbox) {~/.blackbox/Styles/blackbox} | ||
239 | [style] (Blackbox II) {~/.blackbox/Styles/blackbox2} | ||
240 | [style] (Hardware) {~/.blackbox/Styles/hardware} | ||
241 | [style] (Nova) {~/.blackbox/Styles/nova} | ||
242 | [style] (Orbital) {~/.blackbox/Styles/orbital} | ||
243 | [style] (Orbital II) {~/.blackbox/Styles/orbital2} | ||
244 | [style] (Seething) {~/.blackbox/Styles/seething} | ||
245 | [style] (Zero) {~/.blackbox/Styles/zero} | ||
246 | [style] (Cold Fusion) {~/.blackbox/Styles/coldfusion} | ||
247 | [end] | ||
248 | [end] | ||
249 | ... | ||
250 | |||
251 | Even better. Now hold on a second, if we have our themes and styles in | ||
252 | ~/.blackbox why do we have to have our menu in ~/blackbox? Answer: WE DON'T! | ||
253 | This is where the choice comes. Do we keep our stuff in two separate | ||
254 | directories? Do we put it all in one directory? That is up to you to decide. | ||
255 | I personally prefer to keep everything in one directory (but, I use ~/blackbox | ||
256 | and have been for a long, long time; long before blackbox.themes.org was | ||
257 | even thought of... and again that is *personal* preference, not a hard-fast | ||
258 | rule). | ||
259 | |||
260 | Now that we've gotten a feel for the menu syntax, we decide to finish off our | ||
261 | menu. In addition to the styles we downloaded, we decide we also want to | ||
262 | keep a submenu for the default styles that came with Blackbox. All we need | ||
263 | to do is [include] the styles file from the share directory for Blackbox. | ||
264 | After putting everything together, we have: | ||
265 | |||
266 | |||
267 | ... | ||
268 | # custom menu file for Blackbox | ||
269 | |||
270 | [begin] (Example \[Menu\]) | ||
271 | [exec] (xterm) {xterm -ls} | ||
272 | [exec] (efnet irc) {xterm -e irc fnord irc.efnet.net} | ||
273 | |||
274 | [nop] | ||
275 | |||
276 | [exec] (Netscape Navigator) {netscape} | ||
277 | [exec] (XEmacs) {xemacs} | ||
278 | |||
279 | [nop] | ||
280 | |||
281 | [exec] (xv 3.10a) {xv} | ||
282 | [exec] (The GIMP) {gimp} | ||
283 | |||
284 | [nop] | ||
285 | |||
286 | [exec] (Video Tune) {xvidtune} | ||
287 | |||
288 | [nop] (...) | ||
289 | |||
290 | [submenu] (Themes) {Themes from blackbox.themes.org} | ||
291 | [style] (Blackbox) {~/.blackbox/Styles/blackbox} | ||
292 | [style] (Blackbox II) {~/.blackbox/Styles/blackbox2} | ||
293 | [style] (Hardware) {~/.blackbox/Styles/hardware} | ||
294 | [style] (Nova) {~/.blackbox/Styles/nova} | ||
295 | [style] (Orbital) {~/.blackbox/Styles/orbital} | ||
296 | [style] (Orbital II) {~/.blackbox/Styles/orbital2} | ||
297 | [style] (Seething) {~/.blackbox/Styles/seething} | ||
298 | [style] (Zero) {~/.blackbox/Styles/zero} | ||
299 | [style] (Cold Fusion) {~/.blackbox/Styles/coldfusion} | ||
300 | |||
301 | # include the default style menu... this is assuming Blackbox was installed | ||
302 | # into /usr/local | ||
303 | |||
304 | [nop] | ||
305 | |||
306 | [include] (/usr/local/share/Blackbox/styles/stylesmenu) | ||
307 | [end] | ||
308 | |||
309 | [workspaces] (Workspace list) | ||
310 | |||
311 | [submenu] (Restart) {Restart which?} | ||
312 | [restart] (Blackbox) | ||
313 | |||
314 | # let's also give us access to some other window managers | ||
315 | |||
316 | [restart] (Window Maker) {wmaker} | ||
317 | [restart] (Enlightenment) {enlightenment} | ||
318 | [restart] (KWM) {kwm} | ||
319 | [restart] (TWM) {twm} | ||
320 | [end] | ||
321 | |||
322 | [nop] (...) | ||
323 | |||
324 | [reconfig] (Reconfigure) | ||
325 | [exit] (Quit!) | ||
326 | [end] | ||
327 | ... | ||
328 | |||
329 | And voila! our menu file is finished. Now we need to tell Blackbox to read | ||
330 | this menu file. We do this by editing the file ~/.blackboxrc. | ||
331 | |||
332 | NOTE: your ~/.blackboxrc is auotmatically updated every time Blackbox restarts, | ||
333 | reconfigures, changes styles or exits. Changes to dynamic data like workspace | ||
334 | count, names, etc. is lost. About the only thing you can change and have it | ||
335 | preserved is the menu filename, which is what we are about to change. | ||
336 | |||
337 | The format of ~/.blackboxrc is in the X resource database format (just like | ||
338 | ~/.Xdefaults). Since the file is updated automatically, it may be full of | ||
339 | stuff or it may not even exist (especially if this is the first time we've | ||
340 | ran Blackbox). Don't worry if you have to create ~/.blackboxrc, Blackbox will | ||
341 | see the file the next time it starts. | ||
342 | |||
343 | What we need to do is change the resource for the menu's filename. This is | ||
344 | done by changing (or adding) the line that looks like so: | ||
345 | |||
346 | ... | ||
347 | session.menuFile: /path/to/some/file | ||
348 | ... | ||
349 | |||
350 | If this resource exists, we change it. If it does not, we add it. Depending | ||
351 | on where we put the menu file, our new resource could look like this: | ||
352 | |||
353 | ... | ||
354 | session.menuFile: /home/bhughes/blackbox/rootmenu | ||
355 | ... | ||
356 | |||
357 | We save ~/.blackboxrc and then restart Blackbox (reconfiguring doesn't work, | ||
358 | we need Blackbox to completely shutdown and reread ALL of it's configuration | ||
359 | files, not just the ones that control colors/fonts/etc.) | ||
360 | |||
361 | If we've done everything correctly, Blackbox restarts itself and our new menu | ||
362 | is now ready for use. If something doesn't work, read over the above example | ||
363 | again to make sure you didn't forget a step or leave out the necessary tags. | ||
364 | |||
365 | Now that Blackbox has been told where to find it's menu, it does a little more. | ||
366 | Blackbox 0.51.x introduces automagic menu updates. As long as you never | ||
367 | change session.menuFile, you will never have to restart or reconfigure Blackbox | ||
368 | whenever you change your menu. Blackbox watches the timestamps on all the | ||
369 | files it reads to build your menu. If any of them change, they are reread and | ||
370 | your menu updated. This check is done everytime you open the root menu. Like | ||
371 | I said... it is a check, it doesn't reread the menu everytime, it just looks | ||
372 | at the modification time and rereads when it changes. | ||